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Table 2 The adaptive usage methods of different products used by visually impaired baristas. (Cont.) Product Type Product images Distinguishing methodCoffee Making Machines1. When faced with identical machines, the visually impaired person Will put a mark on a machine with a piece of tape or something else. 2. The visually impaired person will touch the machine before using it to memories the shape features to differentiate the machine. 3. The coffee bean grinders need to be adjusted for grind size depending on the type of coffee being made. However, this function is often indicated only visually, which makes it difficult for visually impaired individuals to discern. Therefore, visually impaired individuals place markers around the scale of the knob and use their sense of touch to differentiate the settings. Source: Made by the author (2025) In the adaptive modification, the author can find out the effective modification methods for the visually impaired people, which can be classified into four types: tactile mark recognition; shape feature recognition; position recognition; and olfactory recognition. 5.1.2 Research and analysis of Design Requirements for Visually Impaired Baristas 1) Analysis of operational errors in coffee-making by visually impaired baristas. The author conducted focused observation and analysis of the learning process at Khon Kaen Vocational Training School for the Blind. Before starting the observation, the author first researched the teaching situation and basic information about the staff. The students have learned the basic theory and methods of coffee making to some extent. The coffee-making process can be divided into four stages: Coffee bean grinding stage; Coffee liquid extraction stage; Beverage preparation stage; and Packing and tool-cleaning stage. The author recorded and organized the observations of operational errors. Table 3 Operational errors in coffee-making by visually impaired baristas. Operation stage Problem Summary Coffee bean grinding stageCoffee beans spilled when being poured out It is difficult to scoop out coffee beans from the Sealed Jars It was not possible to find the entrance for coffee beans accurately Coffee liquid extraction stage It is difficult to completely pour out the coffee power from the coffee extractor. It is hard to align the cup with the pump bottle nozzle when filling water. - 101 -