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b) Position requirements Position requirements mainly focus on the positioning of equipment operation, the positioning of coffee making materials and the positioning of cups or containers. - During the grinding process, the coffee beans need to be poured into the grinder or the ground powder into the coffee liquid extractor. The visually impaired barista needs to make sure that the coffee beans and powder are correctly positioned to avoid spilling or wasting. - When extracting coffee, visually impaired baristas will adopt more cautious operation methods, such as lowering the operation speed and adjusting the grip, so as to avoid burning their hands. - Accurately positioning the cup under the coffee machine's water outlet is essential to ensure that the coffee flows directly into the cup. If the cup is not aligned correctly, it may result in coffee spilling, wasting materials and increasing the cleaning workload. c) Control requirements Control requirements mainly involve the precise measurement of ingredients in the coffee-making process, the accurate control of time and brewing procedures, as well as the tolerance range for product safety control and the convenience of cleaning and usage. - The amount of water and coffee powder used in brewing coffee needs to be precisely controlled, too much or too little will affect the taste of coffee. Usually, there are scales on coffee machines and measuring cups, but visually impaired baristas can hardly judge by sight and have to rely on electronic scales, measuring cups and other tools to assist them, which may still be inaccurate. - The extraction time of coffee is very critical, either too long or too short will affect the flavor. If the visually impaired barista cannot use the tools easily and conveniently, it will increase the coffee making time. - While using the product, it is important to ensure that visually impaired individuals can safely control the product without the risk of injury. - Control requirements also include the ease of disassembly of the product for convenient cleaning. 5.2 Product design methods of coffee-making for visually impaired baristas 5.2.1 Research on Visual Compensation Theory Humans perceive the external world through their sensory organs. Humans mainly acquire information through the collaboration of sensory organs such as vision, hearing, touch, taste, and smell. When sight is wanting, the whole nervous power of the human system is thrown into the remaining four senses, which gives them an increased power of development. (Levy, 1872) Among them, vision is the dominant sense. It has been found that if a person's certain sensory function faces acquired damage or congenital absence, the human body will consciously activate other intact sensory organs to greatly enhance the ability to perceive things in order to make up for the lack of perceptual ability of the damaged organ, and this phenomenon is called sensory compensation. - 104 -